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直升机旋翼遮挡因素分析。直升机旋翼对卫星通信信号周期性的 遮挡会造成通信链路阻断，遮挡时长直接影响链路通信质量，因此， 对旋翼遮挡的因素进行分析是解决通信链路阻断的前提。 高动态环境下的信号增益控制与同步方法。正常情况下，直升机 — 92 — 由于旋翼遮挡或者姿态调整，都会导致卫星通信信号的强度存在大动 态的变化。针对这个问题，本项目针对性地提出高动态场景下通信信 号的自动增益控制方法和载波、定时同步环路方法。 极低解调门限的差错控制编码方法。直升机旋翼毫秒级的信号发 射窗口，决定了机载卫星通信终端只能采用较短码长的差错控制编码 方法。为实现系统的极低解调门限，本项目采用短码长低码率的低密 度奇偶校验（LDPC）编码方案。考虑到直升机旋翼可能带来的不利 遮挡，本项目还结合喷泉码的技术特点，实现信号的可靠传输。 基带信号波形与调制解调方案。基带信号波形与调制解调是通 信系统必不可少的功能单元，前者决定了通信信号的频谱结构，后者 则直接会影响通信系统的抗噪声性能。针对直升机旋翼遮挡，收发系 统频偏、信号带宽以及视频信息传输等多种因素，本项目设计抗遮挡 的信号波形。 □概念验证 □原理样机 工程样机 □中试 □产业化 合作方式： 联合研发 技术入股 □转让 □授权（许可）面议 — 93 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多波束抛物面天线、多波束相控阵天线、多波束透镜天线等应用最为 广泛。抛物面天线增益高、结构简单，但往往体积笨重、波束一致性 差、覆盖范围窄，波束扫描速度较慢；相控阵天线采用电子扫描的工 作方式，具有较高的扫描精度和较快的扫描速度，然而大规模的有源 相控阵制造成本高，难以大量应用；多波束透镜天线具有频带宽、波 束覆盖范围广、结构简单、成本低等优点，基于电磁超表面的透射阵 易于加工、剖面低，具有较为广泛的应用。 利用电磁超表面可以实现对电磁波波前相位的灵活调控，高增益 多波束透射阵天线由 90°极化旋转超表面单元组成，该超表面单元 — 19 — 可以同时完成极化旋转和相位补偿。将 5 个线极化平面馈源以空间馈 电形式安装，5 个平面馈源分别独立馈电可以形成 5 个不同指向的波 束，从而完成波束扫描。该天线剖面较低，采用空馈技术使得馈电网 络简单，整个天线质量轻，便于安装，是无线通信系统中天线端可取 的方案。 图 1 涡旋多波束电磁超表面 图 2 多波束涡旋","2026-10-09T19:27:16.629Z",[446,447,450,451,452,453,456,457],{"code":299,"name":300},{"code":448,"name":449},"CH-26","电力",{"code":24,"name":25},{"code":397,"name":398},{"code":435,"name":436},{"code":454,"name":455},"GB-44","电力、热力生产和供应业",{"code":27,"name":28},{"code":239,"name":240},[300,449,25,398,436,455,28,240],{"resultType":6,"id":460,"title":461,"abstract":462,"orgName":463,"province":290,"date":464,"trl":465,"transferMode":466,"keywords":13,"industry":293,"patentType":9,"legalStatus":9,"isOpenLicense":15,"isRevitalized":15,"techMaturity":9,"starRating":9,"licenseFeeText":9,"patentNo":9,"ipc":9,"inventors":9,"tags":467,"tagNames":534},"cmv1bi58h019hbdd8ul57u9se","基于 MEMS 技术的传感器及数据记录仪","西安交通大学陕西省微纳传感器工程技术研究中心，以院士和长江学者为学术带头人的研究团队组成，专门从事微纳传感器设计、制造和应用研究工作。根据军工、航空航天等领域的特殊需求，依托西安交通大学精密工程与测试技术研究所及机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室在特种MEMS传感器领域的技术、人才、设备优势，开展MEMS耐高温压力传感器、超高压压力传感器、高频响压力传感器、微型化压力传感器的设计、制造及产业化研究。中心在特种传感器研究方面，已授权国家发明专利 50 余项，获得国家技术发明二等奖1项和省部级科学技术一等奖 4项。目前，中心拥有科研生产用房1100平方米，各类MEMS传感器封装测试设备总价值1500万元以上。中心以高温、高压压力传感器、高频、微型、力、加速度等特殊需求传感器及数据记录仪作为主要加工、生产方向，建设完成了专用的 MEMS 微纳传感器及数据记录仪的生产和检验工艺线，建立了完善的传感器测试平台，通过了ISO9000质量管理体系认证及GJB9001B-2009国军标体系认证。(一)传感器篇1．XJA1高g值加速度传感器a. 特点 自主制造的微机械加工耐高g值压阻芯片 100,000g的量程，高过载保护 灵敏度高、长期稳定性好 高频响 高过载,小体积 低成本b. 概述XJA1高g值冲击加速度计采用的 MEMS压阻式硅芯片拥有自主的知识产权，其独特的内部结构，为传感器提供了可靠的过载保护、适当的空气阻尼及良好的密封性。主要用于航空航天、兵器、船舶、轨道交通装备等对冲击、碰撞、爆破产生的加速度测量。c. 技术参数过载保护：100,000g响应频率：≥100kHz供电；+5VDC满量程输出：60mV±20mV工作温度：-40℃～125℃相对湿度：0%～85%绝缘电阻：100MΩ(50VDC)重量：≤5g2．XJG2高温压力传感器a. 特点 自主制造的微机械加工耐高温压阻力敏芯片 可长期在高温下工作 灵敏度高、长期稳定性好 动态频响好 高量程、高过载b. 概述XJG2高温压力传感器采用MEMS 技术和SOI技术，集成平膜压力传感器芯体，并采用先进的梁膜结构设计，使其具有耐高温及瞬时高温冲击的能力、动态频率响应高（最高可达到1MHz）、超高量程，以及高过载（最大可承受满量程 20倍）等特点。“耐高温压力传感器”为国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)MEMS领域重点项目成果，并通过部级成果鉴定，拥有自主知识产权(发明专利：ZL 01 1 28782.9和 ZL001.13961.4)。该压力传感器广泛应用于航空航天、国防、石油、化工、冶金、电力、船舶、汽车、医药、科研等领域对高温流体的测量。c. 技术参数耐瞬时高温冲击:2000℃测量介质：与硅、不锈钢、玻璃兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～500KPa……150MPa供电：1.5mA或5mA或9V零位输出：≤±2mV3．XJG4微型压力传感器a. 特点 微型结构体积小、重量轻 长期稳定性好 测量范围宽 动态频响高b. 概述在空气动力学研究、飞行器及发动机试验、风洞试验、流体力学及水工试验、水轮机及水下兵器试验、生物医学应用，化爆或核爆冲击波等许多研究中，出于对不改变被测流场的考虑或受安放位置局限，必须原位测压时，常常对传感器的外形尺寸的微型化有较为苛刻的要求，以期在不干扰流场状态情况下，复现动态流场的变化规律。XJG4微型压力传感器正是为这些应用开发的，它采用了微型化设计的微机械加工工艺制成集成压阻力敏元件，进行精致巧妙的微型封装，通常外径在Φ8mm到Φ15mm、长度不超过25mm，并且可按照用户要求的形状与尺寸定制。微型压力传感器系列以其小巧的外形、高输出、高温、优异的动态和静态特性以及极高的可靠性而显示其特色。c. 技术参数测量介质：与硅、不锈钢、玻璃兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～10KPa……60MPa 供电：1.5mA或5mA或9V零位输出：≤±2Mv 满量程输出：100mV±40mV过载压力：≥150%FS 工作温度：－25℃～85℃贮存温度：－40℃～125℃ 相对湿度：0%～85%绝缘电阻：100MΩ(50VDC)4．XJG8高频响压力传感器a. 特点 动态频响好 自主研制的微机械加工的耐高温压阻力敏芯片 长期稳定性好 测量范围宽b. 概述XJG8高频响压力传感器利用微机械加工技术使得集成硅膜片有效尺寸小，因而固有频率高；利用硅优良的弹性力学特性，加之低的电桥内阻抗，从而不仅利于获得高频响，低至零频高至接近固有频率的宽频带响应，而且有低至亚微秒的上升时间及非常平滑的幅频特性曲线。综合性能优于压电动态压力传感器，动态频率响应极高（最高可达到1MHz）。该系列传感器适用于军事工程、化爆试验、石油勘采与测井、材料、力学、土木工程学、岩土力学、创伤医学、液压动力机械试验等科学试验与现代化仪器仪表中，测量一些变化高、波形陡的动态压力波形与幅值、有效值，是动态测压的首选。c. 技术参数动态频响：最高1MHz测量介质：与硅、不锈钢、玻璃兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～10KPa……60MPa供电：1.5mA或5mA或9V零位输出：≤±2mV绝缘电阻：100MΩ(50VDC)5．XJG7高过载压力传感器a. 特点 测量压力高 自主研制的微机械加工的压阻力敏芯片 具备瞬间动态高压力的抗过载能力b. 概述XJG7高过载压力传感器是一种能够承受并测量2GPa动态瞬间高压力的超高压力传感器，主要应用领域为动能弹侵彻、油井勘探、新型材料的高压合成、地下核弹爆炸、高速公路安全防护、动能弹拦截、车辆碰撞安全、水下冲击波的测量等。c. 技术参数测量范围： 0~2GPa传感器封装尺寸：≤ф30mm固有频率：≥500kHz精度：1%FS功耗： 10mW工作温度：-40℃~200℃耐瞬时高温冲击：≥3000℃，瞬时高温持续时间：100毫秒重量： ≤100克6．XJE2 高温高压充油压力芯体a. 特点 优良的线性特性 长期稳定性好 动态特性好 可长期在高温下工作b. 概述XJE2高温高压系列充油压力芯体采用高精度、高稳定性微压力敏芯片或SOI压力力敏芯片作为弹性敏感单元，通过（高温）充硅油工艺和（高温）精密补偿工艺，可实现（高温下）0～60MPa…～200MPa 的压力测量。将 XJE 系列充油压力传感器芯体装入具有标准和特定螺纹的压力接口中，可制作出结构型式多样的压力传感器，并与标准信号处理电路配合，可将压力信号转换成多种工业标准电信号输出，适用于各种不同压力测量产品的组装和生产。c. 技术参数测量介质：与不锈钢、密封圈兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～60MPa……200MPa内阻：1KΩ～6KΩ，25℃供电：1.5mA或5mA或9V零位输出：≤±2mV满程输出：80mV±20mV过载压力：≥200%FS7．XJB2高温压力变送器a. 特点 自主研制的微机械加工的耐高温压阻力敏芯片 灵敏度高，长期稳定性好 激光全焊接封装 测量范围宽 分体式设计，用户可调整零位、满度b. 概述XJB2高温压力变送器选用耐高温压力传感器芯体，由于采用MEMS技术和SOI技术，集成平膜压力传感器芯体，并采用先进的梁膜结构设计，使其具有耐高温及高温瞬时冲击的能力。传感器输出信号经过分体式变送盒的放大处理，将其转换成标准电信号。传感器壳体采用激光焊接封装，确保了该产品的优异性能和长期稳定性。分体式设计，便于用户调整零位、满度，该压力变送器广泛应用于航空、航天、国防、石油、化工、冶金、电力、船舶、汽车、医药、科研等领域对高温气体、液体的测量。c. 技术参数耐瞬时高温冲击: 2000℃测量介质：与硅、不锈钢、玻璃兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～500KPa……150MPa供电电压：标准24VDC或12VDC～32VDC输出信号：4～20mA或1～5V或 0～5V或0.5～4.5V(5VDC供电)8．XJB6智能数字压力变送器a. 特点 宽温液晶数字显示 全温度范围内的数字化温度补偿技术及非线性修正技术 数字量输出，抗电磁及射频干扰能力强。 可模拟量（4～20mA）同时输出 具备通讯输出接口（RS-485），便于总线组网应用 长期稳定性好 性价比高、精度高b. 概述XJB6是一款高精度、高稳定性的数显变送器产品。变送器传感器芯片工作温区广、信号处理部分可进行非线性和温漂补偿。解决了模拟变送器温度漂移等问题，数字量输出、抗干扰性强、无需其它采集设备，可直接与计算机通讯。该产品采用专用宽温液晶显示，并通过精密数字化温度补偿及非线性修正技术精心制造。通用的RS485总线，方便组成网络化的压力检测系统。产品在输出标准模拟信号的同时，可扩展各种通讯接口，是普通压力变送器的理想替代产品。该产品广泛适用于石油化工、水电、城市供水、科研等领域液体压力的精密测量与显示。c. 技术参数测量介质：与硅、不锈钢、玻璃兼容的各种液体或气体量程：0～20KPa……150MPa供电电压：标准24VDC或12VDC～32VDC输出信号：模拟量4～20mA\u002F数字量液晶显示（RS485通讯输出）过载压力：≥150%FS(二)记录仪篇1．抗高过载微型记录仪HGR-10\u002F20型数据记录仪内部采用一套数据采集电路、一套数据存储电路和一套数据传输电路，安装在专用的金属壳体内。在壳体内填充有缓冲保护层对电路进行过载保护，使记录仪抗强冲击过载能力达5万g；记录仪具有体积小、多通道高采样率、大容量、低功耗、抗高冲击过载、数据记录可靠性高等特点，适用于高过载环境下的多参数数据采集。表1 HGR-10\u002F20主要性能指标型号 HGR-10 HGR-20数据通道 1通道（H）+4通道（L） 1通道（H）+4通道（L）采样率高速通道3MHz，12位ADC 高速通道8MHz，12位ADC低速每通道125KHz，8位ADC 低速每通道500KHz，8位ADC体积 φ30×35mm3重量 50克抗过载能力 5万g供电要求 5V，50mA动态范围根据用户具体要求设置输入阻抗 ＞1MΩ频率响应 0.1 Hz～500KHz共模拟制比 ＞90dB存储容量 1～4G字节传输接口采用USB2.0标准，300M字节\u002F分钟工作温度范围 -40℃～50℃在HGR-10\u002F20型数据记录仪的基础上，可以根据用户要求定制记录仪，模拟通道数可以增加至16通道还可以增加数字通道，采样率也可以进行灵活配置。2．抗高过载大容量可编程高采样率 XX 记录仪HDR-10\u002F40\u002F80具有 8个同步采样的模拟通道，输入电压范围、输入通道数、采样频率和采集时间可以编程，记录器具有存储容量大、抗高过载、数据记录可靠性高等特点。表2 HDR-60\u002F80\u002F90主要性能指标型号 HDR-10 HDR-40 HDR-80数据通道 1通道同步4通道同步8通道12位ADC 12位ADC 12位ADC采样率 80MHz，每通道20MHz 每通道10MHz体积电路仓体积φ52×46mm3，电池仓体积52×66×20mm3重量 235克抗过载能力 5万g供电要求自代电池8.4V\u002F1000mAh，功耗200mA动态范围根据用户具体要求设置输入阻抗 ＞1MΩ频率响应 0.1 Hz～8MHz共模拟制比 ＞90dB存储容量 4～16G字节传输接口采用USB2.0标准，300M字节\u002F分钟工作温度范围 -40℃～50℃3．多路模拟信号及多种总线通讯数据记录仪MBR-200型记录仪具有32路模拟信号通道和一路总线数字信号通道，按照一定的采样频率，存储被测产品在测试过程中的各种模拟信号（例如振动信号、冲击信号、压力信号、温度信号等）和被测产品中心处理器产生的总线上的数字信号（包括RS232、RS485、RS422和CAN总线等）。模拟信号每通道输入电压范围和每个通道的采样率可以分别进行设置，既可以同时采集高速信号和低速信号；数字通道的总线类型、同步方式和波特率可以设置。记录仪采用2路冗余的存储系统，内置高容量独立的电池系统，安装在专用的壳体内，内部填充高强度树脂材料。记录仪数据通过SPI接口上传至上位机。表3 MBR-200主要性能指标型号 MBR-200模拟通道 32通道采样率 100 KHz，12位ADC总线类型 RS232、RS485、RS422和CAN可选波特率 9600、19200、115200、1Mbps可选体积 65×70×55mm3重量 560克抗过载能力 5万g供电要求自代电池8.4V\u002F1000mAh，功耗100mA动态范围根据用户具体要求设置输入阻抗 ＞1MΩ频率响应 0.1 Hz～500KHz共模拟制比 ＞90dB存储容量 4～16G字节传输接口采用USB2.0标准，300M字节\u002F分钟工作温度范围 -40℃～50℃4．冲击过载测试记录仪IAR-100型记录仪采用抗高过载测试技术和高g值加速度计，获取在给定弹目交会条件下的冲击加速度曲线。与被测产品同样的目标和着靶速度条件下，冲击过程中记录仪和被测产品受到的冲击加速度幅值和历程相同。冲击试验完毕后回收到记录仪，读出冲击加速度数据，并对冲击加速度进行积分获得模拟试验弹的速度曲线，再对速度数据积分获得模拟冲击试验弹的位移曲线，通过速度曲线和位移曲线来评判加速度测试的准确性。表4 IAR-100主要性能指标型号 IAR-100采样率 100kHz数据分辨率 8位二进制，即40g\u002FLSB加速度测量范围 -10000g～+50000g测试误差不大于15%加速度传感器的非线性误差不大于10%交叉轴灵敏度不大于10%形态形状与结构与被测产品完全相同质量质量与被测产品完全相同抗过载能力 10万g供电要求自代电池，功耗10mA输入阻抗 ＞1MΩ频率响应 0.1 Hz～100KHz存储容量 1G字节传输接口 SPI数字接口，100M字节\u002F分钟工作温度范围 -40℃～50℃5．恶劣环境下无线分布式存储测试系统无线分布式存储测试系统由数据控制中心和若干个测试节点（无线存储测试系统）组成。无线存储测试系统将ICP传感器、信号调理电路、数据采集存储电路、时间统一电路、控制系统电路、无线数据通讯模块、电源管理电路和电池组等集成封装成一体，构成一个可植入爆炸现场独立工作的微小系统，具有很高的可靠性。数据控制中心通过发送测试命令来控制、管理以及协调测试节点去完成测试任务，而测试节点主要是负责采集爆炸冲击波场信号，并回传给数据控制中心，进行后续分析处理。由于无线存储测试系统防护等级达到10万g，较好地解决了“引线电测法”的各种问题，可靠获取冲击波超压曲线，并通过计算得到正压持续时间和冲量。表5 IAR-100主要性能指标型号 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